History
The earliest fortifications yet discovered date to 7000 BC, but evidence of siege weapons doesn’t appear until much later. We can assume, however, that siege equipment was in use long before the first evidence that has survived. Evidence of a scaling ladder does not appear until about 2500 BC. The earliest record of a simple battering ram comes from 1900 BC. A more powerful ram plus the undermining of walls appears by 880 BC. The mobile siege tower first appears one hundred years later. The catapult was invented by Greeks in 397 BC. There were no further significant advances in siege engines until the advent of gunpowder.
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